Enhancement: Improve database error handling in connection layer

### Is there an existing issue for this?

- [x] I have searched the existing issues

### What happened?

The current database layer uses broad exception handling, which makes debugging difficult.

This issue proposes:
- Using specific SQLite exceptions
- Improving error logging

This is being addressed in PR #1246.
https://github.com/AOSSIE-Org/PictoPy/pull/1246

### Record

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