Consider committing to protocol constants in `ProtocolConfig`

we could consider making constants currently defined in `src/constants.rs` into associated constants of this struct. And maybe even we should serialize these constants as a part of the commitment to protocol config (though, this requires a bit more thought).

_Originally posted by @bobbinth in https://github.com/0xMiden/protocol/pull/3725#discussion_r3855012493_