Recursively proove blocks to enable fast syncing of nodes and clients

### Feature description

The goal would be to recursively prove blocks enabling a user to not have to apply all blocks to the genesis state but just to download the latest block, verify it's validity and start from there.

Linked to this comment: https://github.com/0xPolygonMiden/miden-base/pull/1149#discussion_r1966578370

**This issue might have to be triaged into the right repo, e.g. Node or VM**

### Why is this feature needed?

To enable fast syncing of nodes and clients.