Handle edge cases in caching

**Problem**
When working with middleware, the error messages could be more descriptive.

**Suggestion**
Improve error handling and add detailed error messages.

**Context**
This would help with debugging and maintenance.

No file or test is named. Start by locating the middleware and caching error-handling paths in the repository, then inspect how current failures are reported. Done means the relevant cache edge cases produce descriptive errors and the affected behavior is verified.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.