Improve error messages in models

**Description**
Currently data lacks proper filtering support.

**Proposed solution**
Add configurable filtering with sensible defaults.

**Priority**: Low/Medium

The issue names no files, tests, or entry points. Start by locating the model code and its existing filtering behavior, then determine how configuration and defaults fit the project; done means filtering is configurable and sensible defaults are covered by verification.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.