[Bug?]: Simplest plugin using ink and bundled with @yarnpkg/builder does not work in 4.1.0

Self-service

• I'd be willing to implement a fix

Describe the bug

The simplest plugin for Yarn fails at runtime after bundling with @yarnpkg/builder in 4.1.0

To reproduce

Create the simplest plugin for Yarn using ink:

package.json:

{
  "name": "yarn-plugin-test",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "main": "src/index.tsx",
  "scripts": {
    "build": "tsc --noEmit",
    "bundle": "builder build plugin && yarn plugin import ./bundles/@yarnpkg/plugin-test.js",
    "test": "ts-node -r tsconfig-paths/register"
  },
  "yarn.build": {
    "output": null
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@carsync/types-web": "1.0.0",
    "@types/node": "^18.11.9",
    "@types/react": "^16.8.0",
    "@yarnpkg/builder": "^4.0.0",
    "ts-node": "^10.9.1",
    "tsconfig-paths": "^4.1.0",
    "typescript": "~5.2.2"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@yarnpkg/cli": "^4.1.0",
    "@yarnpkg/core": "^4.0.3",
    "ink": "^3.0.8",
    "react": "^16.13.1"
  }
}

tsconfig.json:

{
	"compilerOptions": {
		// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51716406/typescript-tsconfig-settings-for-node-js-10
		"target": "es2020",
		"module": "commonjs",
		"lib": ["es2020"],

		"rootDir": "src",
		// @yarnpkg/builder does not support this
		//
		// "baseUrl": "./src",
		"noEmit": true,

		"esModuleInterop": true,

		"strict": true,
		"jsx": "react-jsx",
		// Additional checks
		"noImplicitReturns": true,
		"noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
		// Disable while developing
		"noUnusedLocals": false,
		"noUnusedParameters": false
	},
	"include": [
		"src",
	]
}

index.tsx:

import React, { useEffect, useState } from "react"
import { Plugin } from "@yarnpkg/core"
import { BaseCommand } from "@yarnpkg/cli"
import { render, Text } from "ink"

const Counter = () => {
	const [counter, setCounter] = useState(0)

	useEffect(() => {
		const timer = setInterval(() => {
			setCounter(previousCounter => previousCounter + 1)
		}, 100)

		return () => {
			clearInterval(timer)
		}
	}, [])

	return <Text color="green"> {counter} tests passed </Text>
}

export class HelloWorldCommand extends BaseCommand {
	static paths = [
		[`hello-world`],
	]

	async execute() {
		console.log(`Hello, world!`)
		render(<Counter />)
	}
}

const plugin: Plugin = {
	commands: [
		HelloWorldCommand,
	],
}

// eslint-disable-next-line import/no-default-export
export default plugin

Bundle it with @yarnpkg/builder:

yarn bundle

Try:

yarn

Output is:

Reference Error: _a is not defined (when initializing @yarnpkg/plugin-test, defined in /Users/alamothe/projects/car-manager/.yarnrc.yml)
    at /Users/alamothe/projects/car-manager/.yarn/plugins/@yarnpkg/plugin-test.cjs:182:58600
    at /Users/alamothe/projects/car-manager/.yarn/plugins/@yarnpkg/plugin-test.cjs:182:77796
    at /Users/alamothe/projects/car-manager/.yarn/plugins/@yarnpkg/plugin-test.cjs:183:508
    at /Users/alamothe/projects/car-manager/.yarn/plugins/@yarnpkg/plugin-test.cjs:6:494
    at /Users/alamothe/projects/car-manager/.yarn/plugins/@yarnpkg/plugin-test.cjs:264:21930
    at /Users/alamothe/projects/car-manager/.yarn/plugins/@yarnpkg/plugin-test.cjs:6:494
    at /Users/alamothe/projects/car-manager/.yarn/plugins/@yarnpkg/plugin-test.cjs:280:4343
    at /Users/alamothe/projects/car-manager/.yarn/plugins/@yarnpkg/plugin-test.cjs:6:494
    at /Users/alamothe/projects/car-manager/.yarn/plugins/@yarnpkg/plugin-test.cjs:282:809
    at /Users/alamothe/projects/car-manager/.yarn/plugins/@yarnpkg/plugin-test.cjs:6:494

Environment

System:
    OS: macOS 14.2.1
    CPU: (12) arm64 Apple M2 Max
  Binaries:
    Node: 18.19.1 - /private/var/folders/dk/wjrhndy12g9b9p2lyfx6qm9c0000gn/T/xfs-6486a21c/node
    Yarn: 4.1.0 - /private/var/folders/dk/wjrhndy12g9b9p2lyfx6qm9c0000gn/T/xfs-6486a21c/yarn
    npm: 10.2.4 - /opt/homebrew/opt/node@18/bin/npm

Additional context

No response

Start with package.json, tsconfig.json, and index.tsx, then run yarn bundle followed by yarn in the listed Yarn 4.1.0 environment. Inspect the generated .yarn/plugins/@yarnpkg/plugin-test.cjs around the _a ReferenceError and trace the bundle through @yarnpkg/builder. Done means the bundled plugin loads and the hello-world command runs without the runtime error.