[Bug] running `patch-commit` for a package that has a builtin patch fails

Running patch-commit for a package that has a builtin patch now fails with

Internal Error: Assertion failed: Expected the resolution to have been registered
    at PatchCommitCommand.execute (/berry/packages/plugin-patch/sources/commands/patchCommit.ts:82:15)  
    at PatchCommitCommand.validateAndExecute (/berry/.yarn/__virtual__/clipanion-virtual-6f45223597/0/cache/clipanion-npm-3.2.0-rc.4-8470d16306-c9d8ba9e16.zip/node_modules/clipanion/lib/advanced/Command.js:67:26)
    at Cli.run (/berry/.yarn/__virtual__/clipanion-virtual-6f45223597/0/cache/clipanion-npm-3.2.0-rc.4-8470d16306-c9d8ba9e16.zip/node_modules/clipanion/lib/advanced/Cli.js:149:24)
    at Cli.runExit (/berry/.yarn/__virtual__/clipanion-virtual-6f45223597/0/cache/clipanion-npm-3.2.0-rc.4-8470d16306-c9d8ba9e16.zip/node_modules/clipanion/lib/advanced/Cli.js:158:28)
    at exec (/berry/packages/yarnpkg-cli/sources/main.ts:148:7)
    at run (/berry/packages/yarnpkg-cli/sources/main.ts:48:7)

Originally posted by @merceyz in https://github.com/yarnpkg/berry/issues/4218#issuecomment-1072905294

Start in packages/plugin-patch/sources/commands/patchCommit.ts around line 82, then reproduce the patch-commit command with a package that has a builtin patch. Trace why the resolution is not registered and verify that the command completes without the assertion failure.