[Bug] ArcGIS layers not visible in deck.gl v9.1.4

Start by running examples/get-started/pure-js/arcgis with the package.json versions for deck.gl 9.1.4 and @arcgis/core 4.31.0, then compare it with the working 9.0.38 CodeSandbox. Investigate the ArcGIS integration and rendering behavior without assuming the build tool is responsible. Done means the layers are visible and the ArcGIS base map matches the expected rendering.

Description

When using deck.gl v9.1.4, layers do not render on an ArcGIS map. The base map also appears incorrect.

I have built two CodeSandbox examples, both based on the "Get Started / Pure JS / ArcGIS" example from deck.gl's GitHub repository:
🔗 Reference Example: deck.gl/examples/get-started/pure-js/arcgis

Working version (v9.0.38)
✅ This sandbox works as expected, with visible layers and correct base map:
🔗 Working Example (v9.0.38)

Broken version (v9.1.4)
❌ This sandbox does not display layers, and the base map is incorrect:
🔗 Broken Example (v9.1.4)

We observe the same issue in our production application, which uses Next.js (not Vite), so the problem does not seem related to the build tool.

Note: there are no errors in the browser's console.

Flavors

• Script tag
• React
• Python/Jupyter notebook
• MapboxOverlay
• GoogleMapsOverlay
• CARTO
• ArcGIS

Expected Behavior

• The layers added to the ArcGIS map should be visible.
• The base map should display correctly, as it does in v9.0.38.
• Upgrading from deck.gl v9.0.38 to v9.1.4 should not break rendering.

Steps to Reproduce

1. Clone the official deck.gl v9.1.4 ArcGIS example:

git clone --branch v9.1.4 https://github.com/visgl/deck.gl.git
cd deck.gl/examples/get-started/pure-js/arcgis

2. Update the package.json to specify the exact versions:
   Open the package.json file and modify the dependencies and devDependencies as follows:

{
  "name": "deckgl-example-pure-js-esri-arcgis",
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "license": "MIT",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "vite --open",
    "start-local": "vite --config ../../../vite.config.local.mjs",
    "build": "vite build"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@arcgis/core": "4.31.0",
    "@deck.gl/arcgis": "9.1.4",
    "@deck.gl/core": "9.1.4",
    "@deck.gl/layers": "9.1.4"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "vite": "^4.0.0"
  }
}

3. Install the dependencies:

npm install

4. Start the development server:

npm start

5. Observe the issue:

• No layers appear on the ArcGIS map.​
• The base map appears incorrect.​
• If you downgrade to deck.gl v9.0.38, the issue disappears.​

🛠️ Alternatively, you can reproduce the issue using the provided CodeSandbox examples linked earlier.

Environment

• Framework version: deck.gl@9.1.4
• Browser: 133.0.6943.127
• OS: MacOS 15.3.1

Logs

No errors logs, but layers do not render