[Bug]: testcontainers-java does not work when the container runtime needs no port exposing

Module

Core

Testcontainers version

1.19.2

Using the latest Testcontainers version?

Yes

Host OS

Linux

Host Arch

x86

Docker version

podman version 4.7.0

What happened?

There are cases where no exposed or mapped ports are required. A common case being the network mode "host". For me it's happening when i run rootless Podman in a sidecar container using the Gitlab CI Kubernetes Executor, but here seems to be a ticket where Jenkins and Docker is used: https://github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-java/issues/7903

In those cases, starting a container with exposed ports will fail, because the container runtime will not actually expose or map any ports. However, testcontainers-java requires the ports to be mapped. This happens without specifying a network mode, so it's not related to this issue: https://github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-java/issues/5151

A workaround for this problem is to remove any exposed ports. However, this workaround has major disadvantages:

• Sometimes you're not adding exposed ports yourself, but the module is doing it, like the popular PostgreSQLContainer: https://github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-java/blob/main/modules/postgresql/src/main/java/org/testcontainers/containers/PostgreSQLContainer.java#L65
• You need to have knowledge about the internal network topology of your CI pipeline and your test loses portability.

Relevant log output

org.testcontainers.containers.ContainerLaunchException: Container startup failed for image nats:latest
	at org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer.doStart(GenericContainer.java:361)
	at org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer.start(GenericContainer.java:334)
	at de.guidecom.testcontainers.nats.NatsTestcontainer.start(NatsTestcontainer.java:87)
	at de.guidecom.cloud.nats.MainTest.doesStuff(MainTest.kt:18)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
	at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511)
	at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511)
Caused by: org.rnorth.ducttape.RetryCountExceededException: Retry limit hit with exception
	at org.rnorth.ducttape.unreliables.Unreliables.retryUntilSuccess(Unreliables.java:88)
	at org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer.doStart(GenericContainer.java:346)
	... 6 more
Caused by: org.testcontainers.containers.ContainerLaunchException: Could not create/start container
	at org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer.tryStart(GenericContainer.java:565)
	at org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer.lambda$doStart$0(GenericContainer.java:356)
	at org.rnorth.ducttape.unreliables.Unreliables.retryUntilSuccess(Unreliables.java:81)
	... 7 more
Caused by: org.testcontainers.shaded.org.awaitility.core.ConditionTimeoutException: org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer expected the predicate to return <true> but it returned <false> for input of <InspectContainerResponse(args=[-DV, -c, /nats.conf], config=ContainerConfig(attachStderr=false, attachStdin=false, attachStdout=false, cmd=[-DV, -c, /nats.conf], domainName=, entrypoint=[/nats-server], env=[PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/, container=podman, HOME=, HOSTNAME=runner-ub6jpcss-project-7826-concurrent-0qqpgk], exposedPorts=null, hostName=runner-ub6jpcss-project-7826-concurrent-0qqpgk, image=docker.io/library/nats:latest, labels={org.testcontainers=true, org.testcontainers.lang=java, org.testcontainers.sessionId=5a628e82-b8af-44ed-a414-06d3a2526a54, org.testcontainers.version=1.19.0}, macAddress=null, networkDisabled=null, onBuild=null, stdinOpen=false, portSpecs=null, stdInOnce=false, tty=false, user=, volumes=null, workingDir=/, healthCheck=null), created=2023-12-13T09:29:32.231638461Z, driver=overlay, execDriver=null, hostConfig=HostConfig(binds=[], blkioWeight=0, blkioWeightDevice=null, blkioDeviceReadBps=null, blkioDeviceWriteBps=null, blkioDeviceReadIOps=null, blkioDeviceWriteIOps=null, memorySwappiness=0, nanoCPUs=0, capAdd=[], capDrop=[], containerIDFile=, cpuPeriod=0, cpuRealtimePeriod=0, cpuRealtimeRuntime=0, cpuShares=0, cpuQuota=0, cpusetCpus=, cpusetMems=, devices=[], deviceCgroupRules=null, deviceRequests=null, diskQuota=null, dns=[], dnsOptions=[], dnsSearch=[], extraHosts=[], groupAdd=[], ipcMode=host, cgroup=, links=[], logConfig=LogConfig(type=json-file, config=null), lxcConf=null, memory=0, memorySwap=0, memoryReservation=0, kernelMemory=null, networkMode=host, oomKillDisable=false, init=null, autoRemove=false, oomScoreAdj=1000, portBindings={}, privileged=false, publishAllPorts=false, readonlyRootfs=false, restartPolicy=no, ulimits=[Ulimit(name=RLIMIT_NPROC, soft=4194304, hard=4194304), Ulimit(name=RLIMIT_NOFILE, soft=1048576, hard=1048576)], cpuCount=0, cpuPercent=0, ioMaximumIOps=0, ioMaximumBandwidth=0, volumesFrom=null, mounts=null, pidMode=private, isolation=null, securityOpts=[], storageOpt=null, cgroupParent=, volumeDriver=, shmSize=65536000, pidsLimit=0, runtime=oci, tmpFs=null, utSMode=host, usernsMode=, sysctls=null, consoleSize=[0, 0], cgroupnsMode=), hostnamePath=/tmp/containers-user-1000/containers/overlay-containers/ff41f49d1d13de2f81af4bf2b45374f53bcf6d8dceea8e1b066318a99364a5a0/userdata/hostname, hostsPath=/tmp/containers-user-1000/containers/overlay-containers/ff41f49d1d13de2f81af4bf2b45374f53bcf6d8dceea8e1b066318a99364a5a0/userdata/hosts, logPath=/home/podman/.local/share/containers/storage/overlay-containers/ff41f49d1d13de2f81af4bf2b45374f53bcf6d8dceea8e1b066318a99364a5a0/userdata/ctr.log, id=ff41f49d1d13de2f81af4bf2b45374f53bcf6d8dceea8e1b066318a99364a5a0, sizeRootFs=0, imageId=sha256:c26f92862c0582fc993931f218754dad07ee673b6546207c14c567d225b6e63a, mountLabel=, name=/sharp_bell, restartCount=0, networkSettings=NetworkSettings(bridge=, sandboxId=, hairpinMode=false, linkLocalIPv6Address=, linkLocalIPv6PrefixLen=0, ports={}, sandboxKey=, secondaryIPAddresses=null, secondaryIPv6Addresses=null, endpointID=, gateway=, portMapping=null, globalIPv6Address=, globalIPv6PrefixLen=0, ipAddress=, ipPrefixLen=0, ipV6Gateway=, macAddress=, networks={host=ContainerNetwork(ipamConfig=null, links=[], aliases=null, networkID=host, endpointId=, gateway=, ipAddress=, ipPrefixLen=0, ipV6Gateway=, globalIPv6Address=, globalIPv6PrefixLen=0, macAddress=)}), path=/nats-server, processLabel=, resolvConfPath=/tmp/containers-user-1000/containers/overlay-containers/ff41f49d1d13de2f81af4bf2b45374f53bcf6d8dceea8e1b066318a99364a5a0/userdata/resolv.conf, execIds=[], state=InspectContainerResponse.ContainerState(status=running, running=true, paused=false, restarting=false, oomKilled=false, dead=false, pid=103, exitCode=0, error=, startedAt=2023-12-13T09:29:32.675435132Z, finishedAt=0001-01-01T00:00:00Z, health=HealthState(status=, failingStreak=0, log=null)), volumes=null, volumesRW=null, node=null, mounts=[], graphDriver=GraphDriver(name=overlay, data=GraphData(rootDir=null, deviceId=null, deviceName=null, deviceSize=null, dir=null)), platform=linux)> within 5 seconds.
	at org.testcontainers.shaded.org.awaitility.core.ConditionAwaiter.await(ConditionAwaiter.java:167)
	at org.testcontainers.shaded.org.awaitility.core.AbstractHamcrestCondition.await(AbstractHamcrestCondition.java:86)
	at org.testcontainers.shaded.org.awaitility.core.ConditionFactory.until(ConditionFactory.java:985)
	at org.testcontainers.shaded.org.awaitility.core.ConditionFactory.until(ConditionFactory.java:691)
	at org.testcontainers.shaded.org.awaitility.core.ConditionFactory.until(ConditionFactory.java:708)
	at org.testcontainers.containers.GenericContainer.tryStart(GenericContainer.java:467)
	... 9 more

Additional Information

No response

Start with the container startup path in GenericContainer.java and compare it with the port declaration in modules/postgresql/src/main/java/org/testcontainers/containers/PostgreSQLContainer.java. Reproduce the reported case with rootless Podman and no effective port mappings, then verify that containers can start when the runtime does not expose or map ports.