iOS can't reach internet when connected to tailscale network without any exit nodes

### What is the issue?

I have an issue similar to bug report #8806.

On my iphone SE V2, I had previously created a tailscale network with an exit node and that worked as expected. Now, I've created a new tailscale network without any exit nodes, and when connected to the vpn I am unable to reach the internet outside of the tailscale network. Disabling the network immediately enables connection to the internet at large, and vice versa.

### Steps to reproduce

Create new tailscale network, connect iOS device, connect and disconnect to network.

### Are there any recent changes that introduced the issue?

I added a few other clients: 1 ubuntu, 1 home assistant OS plugin, 2 MacOS and the 1 iphone in question.

### OS

Linux, macOS, iOS

### OS version

everything is updated. iphone is on 17.3

### Tailscale version

ios version 1.58.2

### Other software

_No response_

### Bug report

BUG-b611a923db7ae1e27bf328c6992ccfe7f135f1843aceda0b98669daf71326dd9-20240128214722Z-df6e51dc977c9929