error_handling: create error handling functions

List of functions:

• stan/math/prim/arr/err/check_matching_sizes.hpp
• stan/math/prim/arr/err/check_nonzero_size.hpp
• stan/math/prim/arr/err/check_ordered.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_cholesky_factor.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_cholesky_factor_corr.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_column_index.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_corr_matrix.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_cov_matrix.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_ldlt_factor.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_lower_triangular.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_matching_dims.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_multiplicable.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_ordered.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_pos_definite.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_pos_semidefinite.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_positive_ordered.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_range.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_row_index.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_simplex.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_spsd_matrix.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_square.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_std_vector_index.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_symmetric.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_unit_vector.hpp
• stan/math/prim/mat/err/check_vector.hpp
• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_bounded.hpp
• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_finite.hpp
• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_greater.hpp
• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_greater_or_equal.hpp
• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_less.hpp
• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_less_or_equal.hpp
• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_nonnegative.hpp
• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_not_nan.hpp
• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_positive.hpp
• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_positive_finite.hpp
• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_positive_size.hpp
• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_size_match.hpp

Not applicable

• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_consistent_size.hpp
• stan/math/prim/scal/err/check_consistent_sizes.hpp

From @syclik on October 26, 2014 6:44

We want simple functions that can be exposed through the language.

Copied from original issue: stan-dev/stan#1104