selfteaching / selfteaching/selfteaching-python-camp
Day03 if语句
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Description
今天作业中用到了if语句,通过学习,现将遇到的情况整理如下:
1、简单的if语句
只有一个测试条件,如果条件测试的结果为Ture,Python就会执行紧跟在if语句后的代码,if语句中,缩进的作用与for循环中相同,如果测试通过了,将执行if语句后面的所有缩进行的代码,否则将忽略他们。
age = 19
if age >=18:
print("You are old enough!")
运行结果为:
You are old enough!
2、if-else语句
if-else语句块类似于if语句,但其中的else语句可以指定测试未通过时可以执行的操作,也就是说,条件通过了执行一个操作,没有通过执行另外一个操作。
age = 17
if age >=18:
print("You are old enough!")
else:
print("You are too young!")
运行结果:
You are too young!
3、if-elif-else语句
Python只执行if-elif-else结构中的一个代码块,它依次检查每个测试条件,直到遇到通过了的条件测试。测试通过后,Python将执行紧跟在它后面的代码,并跳过余下的测试。
age = 12
if age < 4:
price=0
elif age <18:
price=5
else:
price=10
print("Your ticket cost is $"+ str(price)+".")
运行结果:
Your ticket cost is $5.
4、省略else的语句
if-elif结构后的else并不一定要有,如果直到最终要测试的条件,就可以用elif代替else,这样,仅当满足相应的条件时,代码才会被执行。
age = 12
if age < 4:
price=0
elif age <18:
price=5
elif age <65:
price=10
elif age >= 65:
price=5
print("Your ticket cost is $"+ str(price)+".")
运行结果:
Your ticket cost is $5.
5、多个if
if-elif-else仅适用于只有一个条件满足的情况,遇到通过了的测试后,Python就会跳过余下的测试,但是当需要验证所有条件,且当多个条件为ture时需要执行相应的代码,就需要用多个if语句。
month = ['January','February','March']
if 'January' in month:
print("Jan")
if 'February' in month:
print("Feb")
if 'March' in month:
print("Mar")
print("Three months passed!")
总结:如果只想执行一个代码块就用if-elif-else,如果要运行多个代码块,就使用一系类独立的if语句。
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