Handle particle effect paging

Right now, particle effects are loaded at table parse time. Including all images for them.
This is suboptimal, especially in mods with many many different weapons with large and long animation sequences each.
As such, we should add a system that properly keeps track of what particle effect is needed for the given ships / weapons, whatever, and only pages them in when needed in a given mission.

Start by tracing how particle effects are loaded during table parsing and how ships or weapons request them during a mission. Identify the existing particle-effect and image-loading entry points; done means effects are tracked by mission needs and only required images are paged in rather than all being loaded at table parse time.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.