Unable to upgrade from 16.1.5

I've successfully upgraded a 12.4.2 clone to 16.1.5 with an aim to upgrade beyond to the latest, however whenever I change the docker-gitlab version above 16.1.5 we encounter a previously described error in the db migration script in...
"6 is not a known status value
/home/git/gitlab/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.0.0/gems/state_machines-0.5.0/lib/state_machines/state_collection.rb:78:in `match!'"
This was previously described in #2938 which was closed with reference to it already being listed in #2944, however the later details the inability to upgrade from 15.7.0 to 17.0.0 with reference to postgres, whereas #2938 details gitlab 16.1.6 to 16.3.7; my problem is to upgrade from 16.1.5 to anything higher (aside from the missing 16.1.6).
16.1.5 is running with a migrated pg 15 running via aws RDS.
Are we able to get some clarity on how we are getting a status value that is not known, and what we can do to move past it?

Start by reviewing the database migration failure when upgrading the docker-gitlab image beyond 16.1.5, using the state_machines state_collection.rb stack trace and the PostgreSQL 15 AWS RDS context. Compare the details in issues #2938 and #2944, then reproduce the upgrade path; done means the migration completes and the installation upgrades beyond 16.1.5.