`#[track_caller]` on async closures silently do nothing unless `async_fn_track_caller` is enabled.

I tried this code:

#![feature(closure_track_caller)]

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let closure = {
        #[track_caller]
        async || {
            panic!();
        }
    };
    closure().await;
}

I expected either:

• the ungated_async_fn_track_caller lint fires; or
• the panic output points to the closure().await line (line 11)

Instead, no warning is given, and the panic output points to the panic!(); line (line 8):

thread 'main' (13) panicked at src/main.rs:8:13:
explicit panic
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace

Enabling the async_fn_track_caller feature causes the panic output to correctly point to line 11 instead.

The ungated_async_fn_track_caller lint (implemented in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/104741) is supposed to warn the user if a #[track_caller] doesn't do anything due to not enabling the async_fn_track_caller feature. It does not work properly here.

Tracking issue for closure_track_caller: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/87417

Tracking issue for async_fn_track_caller: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/110011

Meta

Reproducible on the playground with version 1.100.0-nightly (2026-08-26 bff8e12ff5e6bcd53dfb)

Start with the reduced async-closure example and inspect the ungated_async_fn_track_caller lint together with the closure_track_caller and async_fn_track_caller feature handling. Reproduce the missing warning without async_fn_track_caller enabled, then verify the fix makes the lint fire or produces the expected caller location.