Stack overflow when compiling my project with opt-level>=2

In this repo (extracted and reduced from a real codebase), running cargo build --release --bin distinct_three_fields_arcset fails with:

error: could not compile rustc-segv-repro (bin "distinct_three_fields_arcset")

Caused by:
process didn't exit successfully: rustc --crate-name distinct_three_fields_arcset --edition=2024 src/bin/distinct_three_fields_arcset.rs --error-format=json --json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi,artifacts,future-incompat --diagnostic-width=211 --crate-type bin --emit=dep-info,link -C opt-level=2 -C panic=abort -C lto=thin -C codegen-units=1 --check-cfg 'cfg(docsrs,test)' --check-cfg 'cfg(feature, values())' -C metadata=326a4eadd06de2c6 -C extra-filename=-49bdbdaccb93e839 --out-dir /path/to/rustc-segv-repro/target/release/deps -C strip=debuginfo -L dependency=/path/to/rustc-segv-repro/target/release/deps --extern ahash=/path/to/rustc-segv-repro/target/release/deps/libahash-6d969c81ab440607.rlib --extern dashmap=/path/to/rustc-segv-repro/target/release/deps/libdashmap-0778b1e0858bd4a4.rlib (signal: 11, SIGSEGV: invalid memory reference)

Setting a higher RUST_MIN_STACK makes the build succeed, so I don't know if this is a bug or just running out of a limited resource. Setting opt-level = 1 makes the build succeed.

In the real codebase, the error includes the following message, hence this bug report:

note: rustc unexpectedly overflowed its stack! this is a bug
note: maximum backtrace depth reached, frames may have been lost
note: we would appreciate a report at https://github.com/rust-lang/rust
help: you can increase rustc's stack size by setting RUST_MIN_STACK=16777216
note: backtrace dumped due to SIGSEGV! resuming signal

rustc --version --verbose:

rustc 1.90.0 (1159e78c4 2025-09-14)
binary: rustc
commit-hash: 1159e78c4747b02ef996e55082b704c09b970588
commit-date: 2025-09-14
host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
release: 1.90.0
LLVM version: 20.1.8

I cannot easily try with latest Rust or nightly.

No backtrace is printed with RUST_BACKTRACE=1 in the linked repo. In the real codebase (which I cannot share) I get the following backtrace:

/usr/local/bin/../lib/librustc_driver-890dfd19c9b338c0.so(+0x3c83a9f)[0x7514a9c83a9f]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x45330)[0x7514a5c45330]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution19getConstantMultipleEPKNS_4SCEVE+0x11c)[0x7514a439afdc]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution11getRangeRefEPKNS_4SCEVENS0_13RangeSignHintEj+0x1f9)[0x7514a40ebb13]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution11getRangeRefEPKNS_4SCEVENS0_13RangeSignHintEj+0x3d69)[0x7514a40ef683]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution21getZeroExtendExprImplEPKNS_4SCEVEPNS_4TypeEj+0x12ed)[0x7514a42046ed]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution10createSCEVEPNS_5ValueE+0x22ab)[0x7514a44a96ab]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution14createSCEVIterEPNS_5ValueE+0x332)[0x7514a3e09ff4]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution28computeExitLimitFromCondImplERNS0_14ExitLimitCacheEPKNS_4LoopEPNS_5ValueEbbb+0x2a6)[0x7514a42e7a66]

### cycle encountered after 9 frames with period 16
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution30computeExitLimitFromCondCachedERNS0_14ExitLimitCacheEPKNS_4LoopEPNS_5ValueEbbb+0xaf)[0x7514a42e75bb]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution25computeBackedgeTakenCountEPKNS_4LoopEb+0x2de)[0x7514a42e86b0]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution11getRangeRefEPKNS_4SCEVENS0_13RangeSignHintEj+0x5047)[0x7514a40f0961]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution10getAddExprERNS_15SmallVectorImplIPKNS_4SCEVEEENS2_11NoWrapFlagsEj+0xcff)[0x7514a421629d]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution10createSCEVEPNS_5ValueE+0x713)[0x7514a44a7b13]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution14createSCEVIterEPNS_5ValueE+0x332)[0x7514a3e09ff4]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution27createNodeFromSelectLikePHIEPNS_7PHINodeE+0x325)[0x7514a421e665]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution10createSCEVEPNS_5ValueE+0x29c)[0x7514a44a769c]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution14createSCEVIterEPNS_5ValueE+0x332)[0x7514a3e09ff4]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution27createNodeFromSelectLikePHIEPNS_7PHINodeE+0x247)[0x7514a421e587]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution10createSCEVEPNS_5ValueE+0x29c)[0x7514a44a769c]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution14createSCEVIterEPNS_5ValueE+0x332)[0x7514a3e09ff4]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution10LoopGuards16collectFromBlockERS0_RS1_PKNS_10BasicBlockES6_RNS_15SmallPtrSetImplIS6_EEj+0x1956)[0x7514a40df3e4]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution12howFarToZeroEPKNS_4SCEVEPKNS_4LoopEbb+0x18b)[0x7514a48aee4b]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution24computeExitLimitFromICmpEPKNS_4LoopENS_12CmpPredicateEPKNS_4SCEVES7_bb+0x417)[0x7514a42e5517]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution28computeExitLimitFromCondImplERNS0_14ExitLimitCacheEPKNS_4LoopEPNS_5ValueEbbb+0x2d9)[0x7514a42e7a99]
### recursed 15 times

/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution30computeExitLimitFromCondCachedERNS0_14ExitLimitCacheEPKNS_4LoopEPNS_5ValueEbbb+0xaf)[0x7514a42e75bb]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution25computeBackedgeTakenCountEPKNS_4LoopEb+0x2de)[0x7514a42e86b0]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution11getRangeRefEPKNS_4SCEVENS0_13RangeSignHintEj+0x5047)[0x7514a40f0961]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution10getAddExprERNS_15SmallVectorImplIPKNS_4SCEVEEENS2_11NoWrapFlagsEj+0xcff)[0x7514a421629d]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution10createSCEVEPNS_5ValueE+0x713)[0x7514a44a7b13]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution14createSCEVIterEPNS_5ValueE+0x332)[0x7514a3e09ff4]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/../lib/libLLVM.so.20.1-rust-1.90.0-stable(_ZN4llvm15ScalarEvolution27createNodeFromSelectLikePHIEPNS_7PHINodeE+0x325)[0x7514a421e665]

Start by cloning the linked rustc-segv-repro repository and running cargo build --release --bin distinct_three_fields_arcset with opt-level 2, then compare with opt-level 1 and a higher RUST_MIN_STACK. Use the reported LLVM ScalarEvolution stack trace as the entry point; done means the reduced project no longer causes rustc to stack overflow or crash at the affected optimization level.