new lint: vector access via index after is_empty()

#[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(pedantic))]

fn main() {
    let v: Vec<i32> = Vec::new();
    println!("{}", do_something(&v));
}

fn do_something(v: &[i32]) -> i32 {
    if v.is_empty() {
        // v must not be modified in between or be immutable
        v[0] //    BOOM    <- catch this at linttime
    } else {
        124
    }
}

// similar:
// if !v.is_empty() {
//      //...
// } else {
//   v[0]
// }

There are probably other std::collections where this can also be applied.

The idea of this ticket was inspired by cppcheck :)

No source file, test, or entry point is named. Start by reproducing the Rust examples in the issue and inspect existing Clippy lint implementations for comparable control-flow and indexing analysis. Done means the lint catches the shown is_empty/index patterns without false positives, with coverage for any additional std::collections cases that are supported.