rust-lang / rust-lang/rfcs

Get type of an arbitrary expression

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Description

It would be very useful in certain contexts (such as macros) to be able to get the concrete type of some variable through a given binding.

The idea for the syntax came from the upcoming .await syntax. Since this sets the precedent of having reserved keywords in a property position, I think that this would fit well. However, I understand that—unlike ? and .await.type acts more as an accessor instead of a control flow construct. Depending on one's point of view, this may be a good thing since it aligns somewhat with how property accessors appear today.

Examples

It would work as follows:

let x = 20;

// Equivalent to `typeof(x) y = x;` in C
let y: x.type = x;

type X = x.type;

static_assertions::assert_eq_type!(x.type, i32);

How it may be used within a macro:

macro_rules! do_stuff {
    ($x:expr) => {
        let y = <$x.type>::new(/* ... */);
        $x.do_stuff_with(y);
    }
}

Currently, the only way of getting the "type" of a binding within the context of a macro doesn't allow for the above code to work. For example:

macro_rules! do_stuff {
    ($x:expr) => {
        fn with_type_of<T>(x: T) {
            let y = T::new(/* ... */);
            x.do_stuff_with(y);
        }
        with_type_of($x);
    }
}

Prior art

In C, there's typeof(), which this feature would be an exact parallel to.

In Swift, there's type(of:), which returns a runtime value with metadata for the type of a value. This is different in that this proposed x.type would only be usable within a compile-time type context, not a runtime one.

For those who want to go spelunking into other languages, there's a typeof Wikipedia article.

Why I want this

It would make the implementation of assert_eq_size_val a bit less awkward.

I can also get more imaginative about use cases outside of the given examples upon request.

Contributor guide

No contributing guide indexed for this repository

First steps

  1. Read the whole issue, then the project's contributing guide.
  2. Comment on the issue to say you are picking it up — it saves two people doing the same work.
  3. Fork the repository and make your change on a branch.
  4. Open a pull request that references the issue number.

Research direction

Start by reviewing the proposed .type syntax, examples, and prior art in this issue, then determine the required language semantics and RFC path. No implementation files or tests are named; done would require an agreed design for compile-time type access and an accepted implementation direction.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.

Assessment

Tech stack
rust
Domain
compilers
Issue type
Feature
Difficulty
5/5
Estimated time
Over a week
Activity status
Stale
Clarity
Mostly clear
Newbie friendliness
25/100

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