Document association of generic arguments in path segments

There are some subtle behaviors around where generic arguments can appear in a path, particularly with enum variants. For example:

enum E<T> {
    V1 { x: T },
}

fn main() {
    // These seem to be the same.
    E::V1::<i32> { x: 1 };
    E::<i32>::V1 { x: 1 };
}

Are these exactly the same? I'm wondering if there are other oddities like this? This came up when looking at https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/154971.

https://github.com/rust-lang/reference/pull/2165 is adding more documentation on generic arguments and how they are associated, but I don't think it covers this.

Start by comparing the two enum-variant expressions in the issue and review the generic-argument material proposed in Rust Reference PR 2165, along with the related Rust PR 154971. Determine whether the forms are equivalent and identify other path-segment cases; done means documenting the confirmed association rules and examples in the Reference.