Program exits with code -11 when using async_send_request to set parameters in ROS 2 C++ client

Bug report

Required Info:

• Operating System:
  • Ubuntu 22.04
• Installation type:
  • binary (apt)
• Version or commit hash:
  • humble
• DDS implementation:
  • default
• Client library (if applicable):
  • rclcpp

Steps to reproduce issue

I am encountering a segmentation fault (exit code -11) when using the async_send_request method to set parameters in a ROS 2 C++ client. Below is the relevant code snippet:

const auto set_parameters_req = std::make_shared<rcl_interfaces::srv::SetParameters::Request>();
auto set_parameters_resp = set_parameters_client_->async_send_request(set_parameters_req);
EXPECT_EQ(rclcpp::FutureReturnCode::SUCCESS, rclcpp::spin_until_future_complete(node_, set_parameters_resp));

Actual behavior

When executing the above code, the program exits with code -11 at the spin_until_future_complete call.

Additional information

The direct use of ros2 service call from the command line works correctly, and its implementation in Python at ros2cli GitHub resembles the C++ code I am using.

An alternative approach, using a promise and callback with async_send_request, does work as shown below. This approach is inspired by the implementation in rclcpp::SyncParametersClient:

auto promise_result = std::make_shared<std::promise<std::vector<rcl_interfaces::msg::SetParametersResult>>>();
set_parameters_client_->async_send_request(
  set_parameters_req,
  [promise_result, future_result](rclcpp::Client<rcl_interfaces::srv::SetParameters>::SharedFuture cb_f) {
    promise_result->set_value(cb_f.get()->results);
  }
);
rclcpp::spin_until_future_complete(test_node_, future_result);

Questions:

• Why does the first approach result in a segmentation fault while the second approach and the Python version work correctly?
• Are there any general rules or guidelines for using async_send_request in ROS 2 C++ clients to avoid such issues?

Start by comparing rclcpp::Client::async_send_request and spin_until_future_complete with the working promise/callback example and rclcpp::SyncParametersClient implementation. The issue also links the ros2cli call.py implementation for comparison. Done means identifying why the direct future path segfaults and documenting general async_send_request usage guidance.