Failed to initialize language server due to "Internal error. Caused by: org.eclipse.core.runtime.AssertionFailedException: null argument:"

Full call stack:

Caused by: org.eclipse.core.runtime.AssertionFailedException: null argument:
	at org.eclipse.core.runtime.Assert.isNotNull(Assert.java:92)
	at org.eclipse.core.runtime.Assert.isNotNull(Assert.java:79)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.launching.CommandLineShortener.<init>(CommandLineShortener.java:78)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.launching.CommandLineShortener.<init>(CommandLineShortener.java:74)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.launching.StandardVMRunner.getCommandLine(StandardVMRunner.java:500)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.launching.StandardVMRunner.run(StandardVMRunner.java:528)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.launching.AbstractVMInstall.evaluateSystemProperties(AbstractVMInstall.java:398)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.launching.environments.ExecutionEnvironmentAnalyzer.isFoundation1_0(ExecutionEnvironmentAnalyzer.java:219)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.launching.environments.ExecutionEnvironmentAnalyzer.analyze(ExecutionEnvironmentAnalyzer.java:129)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.launching.environments.Analyzer.analyze(Analyzer.java:43)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.launching.environments.EnvironmentsManager.analyze(EnvironmentsManager.java:414)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.launching.environments.EnvironmentsManager.initializeCompatibilities(EnvironmentsManager.java:321)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.launching.environments.ExecutionEnvironment.init(ExecutionEnvironment.java:185)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.launching.environments.ExecutionEnvironment.getDefaultVM(ExecutionEnvironment.java:227)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.JVMConfigurator.setDefaultEnvironmentVM(JVMConfigurator.java:235)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.JVMConfigurator.configureJVMs(JVMConfigurator.java:190)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.JVMConfigurator.configureJVMs(JVMConfigurator.java:105)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.handlers.BaseInitHandler.handleInitializationOptions(BaseInitHandler.java:119)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.handlers.InitHandler.handleInitializationOptions(InitHandler.java:105)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.handlers.BaseInitHandler.initialize(BaseInitHandler.java:64)
	at org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.internal.handlers.JDTLanguageServer.initialize(JDTLanguageServer.java:284)
	... 17 more

Start with the reported stack trace, following CommandLineShortener and StandardVMRunner into JVMConfigurator during language-server initialization. Reproduce the failure if possible and use successful initialization without the null-argument assertion as the completion criterion.