Dev app crashes when switching color scheme while Text element with DynamicColorIOS is used

Description

The React Native app in development mode will crash when switching the color scheme (through system or the app) while there's a Text element using DynamicColorIOS. (see App.tsx in repro)

The error message shown in Xcode is:

Assertion failure: self.size() > 3 || std::none_of( self.begin(), self.end(), [&](auto const& k) { return self.key_eq()(key, k); })
Message: 
File: .../ReproducerApp/ios/Pods/Headers/Public/RCT-Folly/folly/container/detail/F14SetFallback.h
Line: 239
Function: findImpl

(It's a FOLLY_SAFE_DCHECK assertion written here)

Stack trace shows the assertion failure occurs while calling _cache.get here in RCTTextLayoutManager.mm:

- (NSAttributedString *)_nsAttributedStringFromAttributedString:(AttributedString)attributedString
{
  auto sharedNSAttributedString = _cache.get(attributedString, [](AttributedString attributedString) {
    return wrapManagedObject(RCTNSAttributedStringFromAttributedString(attributedString));
  });

  return unwrapManagedObject(sharedNSAttributedString);
}

Fun fact is that due to the assertion statement (self.size() > 3 || ...), if we add more Text elements on the screen, the app won't crash.

This also doesn't affect release builds since that assertion seems to be dev-only.

Steps to reproduce

1. Run the app through Xcode.
2. Switch color scheme.
3. Notice the crash.

React Native Version

0.76.0, 0.76.4, 0.76.5

Affected Platforms

Runtime - iOS

Areas

(not sure) Fabric - The New Renderer

Output of npx react-native info

System:
  OS: macOS 14.5
  CPU: (8) arm64 Apple M1
  Memory: 203.86 MB / 16.00 GB
  Shell:
    version: "5.9"
    path: /bin/zsh
Binaries:
  Node:
    version: 20.15.0
    path: ~/.asdf/installs/nodejs/20.15.0/bin/node
  Yarn:
    version: 1.22.22
    path: ~/.asdf/installs/nodejs/20.15.0/bin/yarn
  npm:
    version: 10.7.0
    path: ~/.asdf/plugins/nodejs/shims/npm
  Watchman:
    version: 2024.06.24.00
    path: /opt/homebrew/bin/watchman
Managers:
  CocoaPods:
    version: 1.15.2
    path: /Users/z/.asdf/shims/pod
SDKs:
  iOS SDK:
    Platforms:
      - DriverKit 24.2
      - iOS 18.2
      - macOS 15.2
      - tvOS 18.2
      - visionOS 2.2
      - watchOS 11.2
  Android SDK: Not Found
IDEs:
  Android Studio: 2024.2 AI-242.23339.11.2421.12550806
  Xcode:
    version: 16.2/16C5032a
    path: /usr/bin/xcodebuild
Languages:
  Java:
    version: 17.0.1
    path: /opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk/bin/javac
  Ruby:
    version: 3.0.2
    path: /Users/z/.asdf/shims/ruby
npmPackages:
  "@react-native-community/cli":
    installed: 15.0.1
    wanted: 15.0.1
  react:
    installed: 18.3.1
    wanted: 18.3.1
  react-native:
    installed: 0.76.5
    wanted: 0.76.5
  react-native-macos: Not Found
npmGlobalPackages:
  "*react-native*": Not Found
Android:
  hermesEnabled: true
  newArchEnabled: true
iOS:
  hermesEnabled: true
  newArchEnabled: true

Stacktrace or Logs

Assertion failure: self.size() > 3 || std::none_of( self.begin(), self.end(), [&](auto const& k) { return self.key_eq()(key, k); })
Message: 
File: .../ReproducerApp/ios/Pods/Headers/Public/RCT-Folly/folly/container/detail/F14SetFallback.h
Line: 239
Function: findImpl

Reproducer

https://github.com/zetavg/rn-crash-DynamicColorIOS-color-scheme-switch

Screenshots and Videos

Start with the linked reproducer and RCTTextLayoutManager.mm, especially _nsAttributedStringFromAttributedString: and the _cache.get call around line 337. Run the app through Xcode, switch the color scheme with a Text element using DynamicColorIOS, and inspect the cache/assertion behavior. Done means the development iOS app no longer crashes in this scenario.