Figure reference not processed in manuscript notebook using fenced div

Bug description

I was trying to make subfigures in a notebook to be embedded in my main article, preferably as supplemental figures. However, I was unable to get the figure references in the notebook to render properly when rendering the project from the command line.

Possibly related to #8956?

Steps to reproduce

Create an empty main document/article and a notebook containing:

---
title: Test notebook
---

## Section

::: {#fig-example}

```{r}
plot(1)
```

Caption
:::

@fig-example is an example.

Then run quarto render from the command line to generate an html file.

Expected behavior

I expect the figure reference to render as: Figure 1 is an example.

Actual behavior

The figure reference is rendered as: @fig-example is an example.

Your environment

• IDE: Rstudio 2023.06.2 Build 561
• OS: Windows 10

Quarto check output

Quarto 1.6.32
[>] Checking environment information...
      Quarto cache location: C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\quarto
[>] Checking versions of quarto binary dependencies...
      Pandoc version 3.4.0: OK
      Dart Sass version 1.70.0: OK
      Deno version 1.46.3: OK
      Typst version 0.11.0: OK
[>] Checking versions of quarto dependencies......OK
[>] Checking Quarto installation......OK
      Version: 1.6.32
      Path: C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Quarto\bin
      CodePage: 1252

[>] Checking tools....................OK
      TinyTeX: (external install)
      Chromium: (not installed)

[>] Checking LaTeX....................OK
      Using: TinyTex
      Path: C:\Users\user\AppData\Roaming\TinyTeX\bin\win32\
      Version: 2022

[>] Checking basic markdown render....OK

[>] Checking Python 3 installation....OK
      Version: 3.12.2
      Path: C:/Users/user/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/python.exe
      Jupyter: (None)

      Jupyter is not available in this Python installation.
      Install with py -m pip install jupyter

[>] Checking R installation...........OK
      Version: 4.3.1
      Path: C:/PROGRA~1/R/R-43~1.1
      LibPaths:
        - C:/Users/user/AppData/Local/R/win-library/4.3
        - C:/Program Files/R/R-4.3.1/library
      knitr: 1.48
      rmarkdown: 2.28

[>] Checking Knitr engine render......OK