Non-empty container types

Feature

It would be very helpful to have a way of specifying that a container type must be non-empty.

Pitch

As an example of why this feature would be helpful, consider the following function, average:

from typing import List


def average(numbers: List[float]) -> float:
    """Return the average of a non-empty list of numbers."""
    return sum(numbers) / len(numbers)

Rather than relying on exceptions for handling the case when the number of numbers is zero, is seems like something along the lines of the following would be more convenient and more explicit:

from typing import List, NonEmpty


def average(numbers: NonEmpty[List[float]]) -> float:
    """Return the average of a non-empty list of numbers."""
    return sum(numbers) / len(numbers)

I don't know anything about the way mypy is implemented so I'm not sure if this is a possible.

The issue proposes a NonEmpty type for Python container annotations, illustrated with NonEmpty[List[float]] and the average function. Start by reviewing mypy's existing type-system and typing-construct support; the issue names no files or tests. Done would require an agreed design and type checking that preserves the non-empty container invariant.