python / python/mypy

dataclasses with generated __hash__ subclassing Hashable are considered abstract

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bug topic-dataclasses
Dominant language
Python
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Description

Bug Report

Dataclasses that are hashable (e.g. frozen=True) that extend any abc/protocol requiring __hash__ (e.g. collections.abc.Hashable) is considered abstract and gives an error when trying to be instantiated.

In addition to frozen=True/Hashable, you also get the same error with unsafe_hash=True, as well as using your own protocol or abc that requires __hash__.

To Reproduce

https://mypy-play.net/?mypy=latest&python=3.12&gist=390504f01055e489b12b388eec1de256

from dataclasses import dataclass
from collections.abc import Hashable


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class A:
    a: int


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class B(Hashable):
    a: int


a: Hashable = A(1)  # ok
b = B(1)  # error: Cannot instantiate abstract class "A" with abstract attribute "__hash__"  [abstract]

print(hash(b))  # prints -6644214454873602895

Expected Behavior

This works at runtime -- running the script prints the hash, demonstrating that it has __hash__ defined.

Actual Behavior

main.py:16: error: Cannot instantiate abstract class "B" with abstract attribute "__hash__"  [abstract]

Your Environment

  • Mypy version used: 1.15.0
  • Mypy command-line flags: N/A
  • Mypy configuration options from mypy.ini (and other config files): N/A
  • Python version used: 3.12

Contributor guide

Open the contributing guide

First steps

  1. Read the whole issue, then the project's contributing guide.
  2. Comment on the issue to say you are picking it up — it saves two people doing the same work.
  3. Fork the repository and make your change on a branch.
  4. Open a pull request that references the issue number.

Research direction

Start by running the linked mypy-play reproduction with Python 3.12 and mypy 1.15.0. Trace how dataclasses with frozen=True or unsafe_hash=True are treated when a subclass requires hash, then add regression coverage showing that B(1) is accepted without an abstract-class error.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.

Assessment

Tech stack
python
Domain
devtools
Issue type
Bug
Difficulty
4/5
Estimated time
3-5 days
Activity status
Stale
Clarity
Clearly specified
Newbie friendliness
45/100

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