Crash on diverging recursive generic protocols

EDIT: Although the original repro is not causing a crash anymore, the underlying issue is still there, see https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/17326#issuecomment-2151135134

Crash Report

Not sure how to title this, the following example produces a segfault, I simplified it from more complicated code. It seems to be multicausal, removing the Literal makes it disappear, so does removing the __or__ operator on Transform.

To Reproduce

https://mypy-play.net/?mypy=latest&python=3.12&gist=2409c60fc1d5734569f6ab55344a85f0

from typing import Any, Literal, Protocol, TypeVar, overload

X = TypeVar("X")
Y = TypeVar("Y")
Z = TypeVar("Z")
X2 = TypeVar("X2")
Y2 = TypeVar("Y2")


class Transform(Protocol[X, Y]):
    def __or__(
        self, other: "Transform[X2, Y2]", /
    ) -> "Transform[tuple[X, X2], tuple[Y, Y2]]": ...


@overload  # 1 arg
def chain_encoders(
    e: Transform[X, Y], /, *, simplify: Literal[True] = ...
) -> Transform[X, Y]: ...
@overload  # ≥2 args
def chain_encoders(
    *es: *tuple[Transform[Any, Y], *tuple[Transform, ...], Transform[X, Any]],
    simplify: Literal[True] = ...,
) -> Transform[X, Y]: ...
def chain_encoders(*encoders: Transform, simplify: bool = True) -> Transform:
    r"""Chain encoders."""

Start by running the linked mypy-play reproduction with the current mypy version and compare it with the linked issue comment, since the original crash no longer reproduces. Isolate the effects of Literal and Transform.or while tracing the remaining failure. The issue names no repository files or tests, so a completed fix would need a new regression test for the confirmed behavior.