Inference in the `else` block of a try-except-else

Bug Report

In the else branch of a try-except-else, mypy ought to be able to infer that no except branch was taken.

To Reproduce

https://mypy-play.net/?mypy=latest&python=3.11&gist=306f5b87e1b2eadc3f7692718a21f6b5

import random


def maybe_int() -> int:
    if random.choice([True, False]):
        return 42
    else:
        raise ValueError


def main() -> None:
    try:
        x = maybe_int()
    except ValueError:
        x = None
    else:
        x += 1  # mypy error occurs here

Expected Behavior

At the last line of the example, I expected mypy to infer that the except branch hadn't been taken, and therefore x was of type int, just as it is at the end of the try branch.

Actual Behavior

test.py:17: error: Unsupported operand types for + ("None" and "int")  [operator]
test.py:17: note: Left operand is of type "Optional[int]"

Your Environment

• Mypy version used: 0.991 (compiled: yes)
• Mypy command-line flags: none
• Mypy configuration options from mypy.ini (and other config files): none
• Python version used: 3.10.7

Start with the linked mypy-play reproducer and confirm the Optional[int] error in the try-except-else example. Trace how mypy handles the try, except, and else branches, then add regression coverage showing that x is inferred as int in the else branch and the reported error is removed.