Function that does type checks on generic classes' attribute not recognized

Bug Report

Hi, I'm running into this behaviour that I think is a bug: it's like we can't annotate a function that does type checks on generic classes' attribute.

This might be a duplicate of #13619, but I'm not sure.

To Reproduce

from typing import Union, Generic, TypeVar, List, Type

_Types = Union[set, tuple]
_T = TypeVar('_T', bound=_Types)

class Thing:
    values: List['Value[_Types]']
    def filtervalues(self, *types:Type[_T]) -> List['Value[_T]']:
        return list(filter(lambda v:isinstance(v.val, types), self.values))

class Value(Generic[_T]):
    val: _T

if 1 in Thing().filtervalues(set, tuple)[0].val:
    print()

Expected Behavior

No errors.

Actual Behavior

Getting errors:

mypy-issue.py:14: error: Argument 1 to "filter" has incompatible type "Callable[[Value[Union[Set[Any], Tuple[Any, ...]]]], bool]"; expected "Callable[[Value[Union[Set[Any], Tuple[Any, ...]]]], TypeGuard[Value[_T]]]"  [arg-type]
mypy-issue.py:19: error: Value of type variable "_T" of "filtervalues" of "Thing" cannot be "Collection[Any]"  [type-var]

Your Environment

• Mypy version used: mypy 0.991 (compiled: yes)
• Mypy command-line flags: None
• Mypy configuration options from mypy.ini (and other config files): None
• Python version used: Python 3.10.8

Start with the Python reproducer in mypy-issue.py and run it with mypy using the environment described in the report, then compare the diagnostics with duplicate issue #13619. Done means the generic attribute type check is accepted without the reported arg-type and type-var errors.