typing._GenericAlias objects allow arbitrary dunder attribute creation

Bug report

Bug description:

Objects like typing.List[int] allow arbitrary dunders to be set, and because of the cache, those attributes can leak to other objects created elsewhere in the program:

>>> x = List[int]
>>> x.__whatever__ = 42
>>> List[int].__whatever__
42

The cache behavior seems like it could lead to undesirable behavior. In 3.14 we somewhat accidentally fixed a similar bug with Union objects, and it turns out some people were relying on this: #132139. Let's think about whether we also want to remove this wart for other typing objects in 3.15.

CPython versions tested on:

CPython main branch

Operating systems tested on:

No response

Start by reproducing the typing.List[int] example from the issue and inspect the implementation and tests for generic aliases; no file or test is named. First establish the intended behavior for arbitrary dunder attributes and cached typing objects, then add regression coverage showing that the behavior is consistent without attributes leaking between objects.