PyImport_Import does not fall back to default builtins

Bug report

Bug description:

When importing a module with PyImport_Import() inside an already running python which does have limited globals, the import fails due to missing __builtins__: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/01ba7df49966eaf14f44962a77898840c70dda96/Python/import.c#L3914-L3921

It feels similar to this issue: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/24564 but with a slightly different setup.

Originally reported for pyo3 here: https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3/issues/4913

Minimal reproducer below, fuller reproducer can be found here: https://gitlab.com/nertpinx/cpython_repr

#include <Python.h>

PyObject *
func(PyObject *self __attribute__((unused)),
     PyObject *arg)
{
    return PyImport_Import(arg);
}

static PyMethodDef method_def = {
    .ml_name = "func",
    .ml_meth = func,
    .ml_flags = METH_NOARGS,
    .ml_doc = "Reproducer function",
};

int
main(int argc __attribute__((unused)),
     char **argv __attribute__((unused)))
{
    Py_InitializeEx(0);

    PyObject *program = NULL;
    PyObject *globals = NULL;
    PyObject *supermodule = NULL;
    PyObject *py_func = NULL;

    supermodule = PyUnicode_FromString("supermodule");
    py_func = PyCFunction_NewEx(&method_def, NULL, supermodule);
    globals = PyDict_New();
    PyDict_SetItemString(globals, "func", py_func);

    program = Py_CompileString("func()", "<string>", Py_file_input);
    PyEval_EvalCode(program, globals, NULL);

    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
        PyErr_Print();
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

CPython versions tested on:

3.13

Operating systems tested on:

Linux

Start at the referenced import.c lines around 3914-3921 and build the minimal C reproducer against CPython 3.13. Check how PyImport_Import handles globals without builtins, then add a regression test covering the limited-globals setup. Done means the import succeeds using default builtins rather than failing with missing builtins.