Documentation build failing in Windows

What happened?

When using pixi run doc to create documentation in Windows, time-coding.rst is aborting with a failure because the file tries to delete test-datetimes1.nc while windows thinks it is open. We tried using gc.collect() to force garbage collection and del _, and a using a sleep timer to ensure that the processes were complete, but none of those worked.

Switching from xr.open_dataset() to xr.load_dataset() prevents the problem, but may not be appropriate in this situation.

What did you expect to happen?

Ideally the docs should build in any environment; however, expecting users Windows users to use WSL or another method when developing may be acceptable, if covered in the contributing guide.

Minimal Complete Verifiable Example

# /// script
# requires-python = ">=3.11"
# dependencies = [
#   "xarray[complete]@git+https://github.com/pydata/xarray.git@main",
# ]
# ///
#
# This script automatically imports the development branch of xarray to check for issues.
# Please delete this header if you have _not_ tested this script with `uv run`!

import xarray as xr
xr.show_versions()
# your reproducer code ...

Steps to reproduce

No response

MVCE confirmation

• Minimal example — the example is as focused as reasonably possible to demonstrate the underlying issue in xarray.
• Complete example — the example is self-contained, including all data and the text of any traceback.
• Verifiable example — the example copy & pastes into an IPython prompt or Binder notebook, returning the result.
• New issue — a search of GitHub Issues suggests this is not a duplicate.
• Recent environment — the issue occurs with the latest version of xarray and its dependencies.

Relevant log output

sphinx.errors.ExtensionError: Cell raised uncaught exception:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PermissionError                           Traceback (most recent call last)
File ~\python\xarray\.pixi\envs\doc\Lib\shutil.py:701, in _rmtree_unsafe(path, dir_fd, onexc)
    700 try:
--> 701     os.unlink(fullname)
    702 except FileNotFoundError:

PermissionError: [WinError 32] The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process: 'C:\\Users\\rwkoz\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmptpg6hhgw\\test-datetimes1.nc'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

PermissionError                           Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[49], line 2
      1 # Cleanup
----> 2 tempdir.cleanup()

File ~\python\xarray\.pixi\envs\doc\Lib\tempfile.py:975, in TemporaryDirectory.cleanup(self)
    973 def cleanup(self):
    974     if self._finalizer.detach() or _os.path.exists(self.name):
--> 975         self._rmtree(self.name, ignore_errors=self._ignore_cleanup_errors)

File ~\python\xarray\.pixi\envs\doc\Lib\tempfile.py:955, in TemporaryDirectory._rmtree(cls, name, ignore_errors, repeated)
    952         if not ignore_errors:
    953             raise
--> 955 _shutil.rmtree(name, onexc=onexc)

File ~\python\xarray\.pixi\envs\doc\Lib\shutil.py:852, in rmtree(path, ignore_errors, onerror, onexc, dir_fd)
    849                 exc_info = type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__
    850             return onerror(func, path, exc_info)
--> 852 _rmtree_impl(path, dir_fd, onexc)

File ~\python\xarray\.pixi\envs\doc\Lib\shutil.py:705, in _rmtree_unsafe(path, dir_fd, onexc)
    703             continue
    704         except OSError as err:
--> 705             onexc(os.unlink, fullname, err)
    706 try:
    707     os.rmdir(path)

File ~\python\xarray\.pixi\envs\doc\Lib\tempfile.py:930, in TemporaryDirectory._rmtree.<locals>.onexc(func, path, exc)
    927 _resetperms(path)
    929 try:
--> 930     _os.unlink(path)
    931 except IsADirectoryError:
    932     cls._rmtree(path, ignore_errors=ignore_errors)

PermissionError: [WinError 32] The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process: 'C:\\Users\\rwkoz\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmptpg6hhgw\\test-datetimes1.nc'

Extension error:
Cell raised uncaught exception:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PermissionError                           Traceback (most recent call last)
File ~\python\xarray\.pixi\envs\doc\Lib\shutil.py:701, in _rmtree_unsafe(path, dir_fd, onexc)
    700 try:
--> 701     os.unlink(fullname)
    702 except FileNotFoundError:

PermissionError: [WinError 32] The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process: 'C:\\Users\\rwkoz\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmptpg6hhgw\\test-datetimes1.nc'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

PermissionError                           Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[49], line 2
      1 # Cleanup
----> 2 tempdir.cleanup()

File ~\python\xarray\.pixi\envs\doc\Lib\tempfile.py:975, in TemporaryDirectory.cleanup(self)
    973 def cleanup(self):
    974     if self._finalizer.detach() or _os.path.exists(self.name):
--> 975         self._rmtree(self.name, ignore_errors=self._ignore_cleanup_errors)

File ~\python\xarray\.pixi\envs\doc\Lib\tempfile.py:955, in TemporaryDirectory._rmtree(cls, name, ignore_errors, repeated)
    952         if not ignore_errors:
    953             raise
--> 955 _shutil.rmtree(name, onexc=onexc)

File ~\python\xarray\.pixi\envs\doc\Lib\shutil.py:852, in rmtree(path, ignore_errors, onerror, onexc, dir_fd)
    849                 exc_info = type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__
    850             return onerror(func, path, exc_info)
--> 852 _rmtree_impl(path, dir_fd, onexc)

File ~\python\xarray\.pixi\envs\doc\Lib\shutil.py:705, in _rmtree_unsafe(path, dir_fd, onexc)
    703             continue
    704         except OSError as err:
--> 705             onexc(os.unlink, fullname, err)
    706 try:
    707     os.rmdir(path)

File ~\python\xarray\.pixi\envs\doc\Lib\tempfile.py:930, in TemporaryDirectory._rmtree.<locals>.onexc(func, path, exc)
    927 _resetperms(path)
    929 try:
--> 930     _os.unlink(path)
    931 except IsADirectoryError:
    932     cls._rmtree(path, ignore_errors=ignore_errors)

PermissionError: [WinError 32] The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process: 'C:\\Users\\rwkoz\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmptpg6hhgw\\test-datetimes1.nc'

Anything else we need to know?

No response

Environment

Start with doc/time-coding.rst and reproduce the failure using pixi run doc on Windows. Trace the cleanup of the temporary test-datetimes1.nc file and compare the xr.open_dataset() and xr.load_dataset() paths. Done means the documentation build completes on Windows without the WinError 32 cleanup failure.