[BUG]: undefined symbol: _ZNSt15__exception_ptr13exception_ptr10_M_releaseEv

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Problem description

I've started getting a new error across all of my pybind11 projects when importing packages: "undefined symbol: _ZNSt15__exception_ptr13exception_ptr10_M_releaseEv" See reproducible example code for more information on the error.

Nothing major has changed in my configuration, so I'm not sure where the error is coming from.

System info:

> conda info
     active environment : base
    active env location : /home/olivier/anaconda3
            shell level : 1
       user config file : /home/olivier/.condarc
 populated config files : /home/olivier/.condarc
          conda version : 4.11.0
    conda-build version : 3.21.5
         python version : 3.9.7.final.0
       virtual packages : __linux=5.15.8=0
                          __glibc=2.34=0
                          __unix=0=0
                          __archspec=1=x86_64
       base environment : /home/olivier/anaconda3  (writable)
      conda av data dir : /home/olivier/anaconda3/etc/conda
  conda av metadata url : None
           channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/linux-64
                          https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
          package cache : /home/olivier/anaconda3/pkgs
                          /home/olivier/.conda/pkgs
       envs directories : /home/olivier/anaconda3/envs
                          /home/olivier/.conda/envs
               platform : linux-64
             user-agent : conda/4.11.0 requests/2.26.0 CPython/3.9.7 Linux/5.15.8-76051508-generic pop/21.10 glibc/2.34
                UID:GID : 1000:1000
             netrc file : None
           offline mode : False

Reproducible example code

> conda create -n python_example python=3.7.9 -y
> conda activate python_example
> git clone git@github.com:pybind/python_example.git
> pip install -e python_example/
> python
>>> import python_example
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: /home/olivier/Desktop/Research/python_example/python_example.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbol: _ZNSt15__exception_ptr13exception_ptr10_M_releaseEv

Reproduce the failure with the documented conda environment, python_example repository, editable install, and import python_example. Start by examining the generated python_example.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so and the build configuration for how the missing C++ exception symbol is resolved. Done means identifying and fixing the compatibility or linking cause so the import succeeds.