runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference

## Bug Report

Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks!

### 1. Minimal reproduce step (Required)
First execute the following valid.sql
[valid.txt](https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/files/14772494/valid.txt)

Then a crash occurs when executing the error.sql below
[error.txt](https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/files/14772496/error.txt)

### 2. What did you expect to see? (Required)
Expect no crashes

### 3. What did you see instead (Required)

```
[err="runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference"]
[stack="github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server.(*clientConn).Run.func1
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server/conn.go:993
runtime.gopanic
/usr/local/go/src/runtime/panic.go:914
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/executor.(*Compiler).Compile.func1
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/executor/compiler.go:54
runtime.gopanic
/usr/local/go/src/runtime/panic.go:914
runtime.panicmem
/usr/local/go/src/runtime/panic.go:261
runtime.sigpanic
/usr/local/go/src/runtime/signal_unix.go:861
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/core.(*Update).ResolveIndices
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/core/resolve_indices.go:832
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/core.(*PlanBuilder).buildUpdate
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/core/logical_plan_builder.go:6155
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/core.(*PlanBuilder).Build
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/core/planbuilder.go:863
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner.buildLogicalPlan
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/optimize.go:576
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner.optimize
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/optimize.go:494
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner.Optimize
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/planner/optimize.go:352
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/executor.(*Compiler).Compile
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/executor/compiler.go:98
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/session.(*session).ExecuteStmt
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/session/session.go:2221
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server.(*TiDBContext).ExecuteStmt
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server/driver_tidb.go:292
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server.(*clientConn).handleStmt
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server/conn.go:2064
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server.(*clientConn).handleQuery
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server/conn.go:1831
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server.(*clientConn).dispatch
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server/conn.go:1318
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server.(*clientConn).Run
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server/conn.go:1091
github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server.(*Server).onConn
/home/jenkins/agent/workspace/build-common/go/src/github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/server/server.go:715"
```
### 4. What is your TiDB version? (Required)

```
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tidb_version() |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Release Version: v7.5.1
Edition: Community
Git Commit Hash: 7d16cc79e81bbf573124df3fd9351c26963f3e70
Git Branch: heads/refs/tags/v7.5.1
UTC Build Time: 2024-02-27 14:28:32
GoVersion: go1.21.6
Race Enabled: false
Check Table Before Drop: false
Store: tikv |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
```

We are the BASS team from the School of Cyber Science and Technology at Beihang University. Our main focus is on system software security, operating systems, and program analysis research, as well as the development of automated program testing frameworks for detecting software defects. Using our self-developed database vulnerability testing tool, we have identified the above-mentioned vulnerabilities in TiDB that may lead to database crashes.