Select Stmt return slowly during retrieving metadata inside TiDB in some edge cases

## Bug Report

### 1. Minimal reproduce step (Required)

1.1 Deploy a cluster like the yaml file. Ensure that the tidb server and the tikv server are in different machines.

```
pd_servers:
- host: 10.6.6.1
name: pd

tidb_servers:
- host: 10.6.6.1

tikv_servers:
- host: 10.6.6.2

```

1.2 Then use iptables to cut the port for tikv_server( in the 10.6.6.2 machine):
```
iptables -I INPUT -s 10.6.6.2 -ptcp --dport 20180 -j DROP
```

1.3 Connect to the TiDB server and send the query:
```
mysql> select * from information_schema.cluster_config;
```

### 2. What did you expect to see? (Required)

Return quickly, like 5 or 10 seconds with a warning.

### 3. What did you see instead (Required)

Usually, this would cause 2 minutes of waiting.


In some case, it may be much longer:
```
mysql> show processlist;
+------+------+----------------+------+---------+------+------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info
|
+------+------+----------------+------+---------+------+------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| 7 | root | 10.6.6.1:36000 | NULL | Query | 488 | autocommit | select * from information_schema.cluster_config |
```

### 4. What is your TiDB version? (Required)

v5.2.1 and can be reproduced in the master.