[BUG] Mathematical functions have possibility of overflowing

What is the bug?
There are many Mathematical/Arithmetic functions that have the possibility of overflowing if certain specific values are used

How can one reproduce the bug?
Steps to reproduce the behavior:
These are all the functions and an example input that would cause an integer overflow error:
SELECT 2147483647 + 2147483647;
SELECT -2147483648 - 2147483647;
SELECT 2147483647 * 2;

Here is an example of what the error looks like:
TransportError(503, 'ArithmeticException', {'error': {'reason': 'There was internal problem at backend', 'details': 'integer overflow', 'type': 'ArithmeticException'}, 'status': 503})

What is the expected behavior?
Possibly the functions could return a larger data type if they would overflow, e.g. SELECT 2147483647 + 2147483647; returns 4294967294 as a LONG

What is your host/environment?

• OS: macOS
• Version 13.2.1

Reproduce the three SQL expressions in the issue and confirm the current integer-overflow response. Trace the arithmetic and mathematical-function handling to identify the affected operations, then define and test the expected wider-type behavior, including the LONG result shown for addition.