opentelemetry-instrumentation-asgi: emit `error.type` attribute when having exceptions

Describe your environment

instrumentation-asgi: 0.47b0.dev

What happened?

instrumentation-asgi isn't setting error.type during exceptions and we should set it in the new semconv as defined here

Steps to Reproduce

Run any asgi example which raises exception before status code is sent or received using the new semconv opt-in mode

Expected Result

If the request fails with an error before response status code was sent or received, error.type SHOULD be set to exception type (its fully-qualified class name, if applicable) or a component-specific low cardinality error identifier.

Exception present in error.type

Actual Result

No error.type attribute set in spans

Additional context

https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python-contrib/pull/2682

https://github.com/open-telemetry/semantic-conventions/blob/main/docs/http/http-spans.md#http-server-semantic-conventions

Would you like to implement a fix?

None

Start in the instrumentation-asgi package's exception-handling path and run an ASGI example that raises before a response status is sent, using the new semantic-convention opt-in mode. Compare the resulting span attributes with the HTTP server semantic conventions; done when the exception type appears as error.type for this failure path.