Image is in _ipx folder and can't be found

When building my solution it tries to reference the images in a missing _ipx folder.

<source type="image/webp" 
srcset="/_ipx/images/stock_collage.png?w=320&amp;f=webp 320w, 
/_ipx/images/stock_collage.png?w=640&amp;f=webp 640w, 
/_ipx/images/stock_collage.png?w=768&amp;f=webp 768w, 
/_ipx/images/stock_collage.png?w=700&amp;f=webp 700w, 
/_ipx/images/stock_collage.png?w=700&amp;f=webp 700w" 
sizes="(max-width: 320px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, (max-width: 1024px) 700px, 700px">

This is my (relevant) configuration. I've tried with the default configuration, but whatever I do nuxt-image tries to reference _ipx folder.

export default {
  ssr: false,
  target: "static",
  buildModules: [
    '@nuxt/image',
  ],
  image: {
    staticFilename: '[publicPath]/images/[name]-[hash][ext]'
  },
}

This is the html element:
<nuxt-picture format="webp" sizes="xl:700 lg:700 md:100vw sm:100vw xs:100vw" src="/images/stock_collage.png" />

Why is nuxt-image referencing non existent _ipx folder?

Start with the @nuxt/image configuration using ssr: false, target: "static", and the staticFilename setting, then trace how the element produces /_ipx URLs. Compare the generated references with the static build output. Done means the built page resolves its image URLs without a missing _ipx folder.