Cloudflare with `pnpm run generate` works, but not `pnpm run build`

Hi,
I'm deploying this repo to Cloudflare pages and I noticed sudently that my images were not the correct size. I think this is because we changed from SSG to SSR since our website is connected to a backend, and we like to have the data up-to-date without regenerating and redeploying the website.

Local using pnpm run dev ✅
Local using pnpm run build && node .output/server/index.mjs ✅
Local using pnpm run generate && npx serve .output/public ✅
Cloudfalre using pnpm run generate ✅

Cloudflare using pnpm run build 🚫

As you can see, when using pnpm run build on Cloudflare pages, the URL are going to the CMS (prismic) and are not processed.
Am I missunderstanding something ? Because it works in all mode on my local machine (dev/build/generate).

I'm using the Cloudflare git integration to deploy:

And this is my Cloudflare config (default):

My nuxt.config.js for nuxt/image, you can see the complete file in the linked repo above:

export default defineNuxtConfig({
    ...
    image: {
        provider: 'ipx',
        domains: ['static.swapcard.com', 'images.prismic.io', 'interface-qc.cdn.prismic.io'],
        quality: 90,
        format: ['webp'],
    },
    ...
});

Start with nuxt.config.js and reproduce the difference between pnpm run generate and pnpm run build on Cloudflare Pages. Compare the image URLs produced in .output/public and by .output/server/index.mjs, then verify that the build deployment processes the configured image domains instead of linking directly to Prismic. Done means optimized image URLs work in the Cloudflare build deployment as they do locally.