[BUG] npm install silently fails to install peer dependency

Is there an existing issue for this?

• I have searched the existing issues

This issue exists in the latest npm version

• I am using the latest npm

Current Behavior

npm doesn't install peer dependency @mdx-js/react without any error or even warning. Warning is printed out only after installation when using npm ci and and in such case @mdx-js/react is also not installed:

This happens because npm installs the latest version of React instead version required by dependencies. Such behaviour can be avoided by adding required version of React within package.json. The only reference to a new version of React I found is in library @figspec/react in devDependencies what shouldn't impact.
This issue can be reproduced with the following versions of npm: 8.19.2, 8.19.3, 9.2.0.
package.zip

Expected Behavior

npm should not install the latest version of React but one which is required by dependencies or npm should throw an error when library is not installed.

Steps To Reproduce

1. In this environment with the latest version of node and npm
2. With this attached package.json
3. Run 'npm i'
4. See node_modules and look for @mdx-js/react
5. Run 'npm ci'
6. See warning mesages about problems with resolving dependencies with @mdx-js/react
7. See node_modules and look for @mdx-js/react

Environment

• npm: 9.2.0
• Node.js: 19.4.0
• OS Name: Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19044.2486]
• System Model Name: Asus G551JM
• npm config:

; "builtin" config from C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\npmrc

prefix = "C:\\Users\\Radosław\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm"

; "cli" config from command line options

location = "project"

; node bin location = C:\Program Files\nodejs\node.exe
; node version = v19.4.0
; npm local prefix = C:\_projects\test-npm
; npm version = 9.2.0
; cwd = C:\_projects\test-npm
; HOME = C:\Users\Radosław
; Run `npm config ls -l` to show all defaults.

Start with the attached package.json from package.zip and reproduce the behavior using npm i and npm ci on the reported Node.js and npm versions. Trace the peer-dependency resolution path responsible for @mdx-js/react and compare the installed dependency tree and warnings; done means the dependency is installed or a clear error is reported consistently.