Seemingly random compilation failures

From @tniessen via https://openjs-foundation.slack.com/archives/C03BJP63CH0/p1747507311133849

Has anyone else seen some unexpected compilation failures during Jenkins CI runs? For example, this run failed with C++ compiler errors even though the PR being tested does not touch C++ at all, and I am pretty sure I saw some similar errors over the last few days: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-commit-linux-containered/50707/

e.g. https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-commit-linux-containered/50707/nodes=ubuntu2204_sharedlibs_shared_x64/console

19:19:39 In file included from ../deps/ada/ada.cpp:3:
19:19:39 ../deps/ada/ada.h: In member function 'constexpr std::string_view ada::url::get_pathname() const':
19:19:39 ../deps/ada/ada.h:6621:10: error: call to non-'constexpr' function 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::operator std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::__sv_type() const [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::__sv_type = std::basic_string_view<char>]'
19:19:39  6621 |   return path;
19:19:39       |          ^~~~
19:19:39 In file included from /usr/include/c++/11/string:55,
19:19:39                  from ../deps/ada/ada.h:20,
19:19:39                  from ../deps/ada/ada.cpp:3:
19:19:39 /usr/include/c++/11/bits/basic_string.h:806:7: note: 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::operator std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::__sv_type() const [with _CharT = char; _Traits = std::char_traits<char>; _Alloc = std::allocator<char>; std::__cxx11::basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>::__sv_type = std::basic_string_view<char>]' declared here
19:19:39   806 |       operator __sv_type() const noexcept
19:19:39       |       ^~~~~~~~
...

Start with Jenkins run 50707 and its ubuntu2204_sharedlibs_shared_x64 console output, then compare it with the similar failures mentioned in the issue. Trace why unrelated C++ compilation is occurring during CI and verify the cause across subsequent runs; done means the intermittent failures are explained and the affected CI path no longer fails unexpectedly.