[Bug]: S3 multipart uploads run a PutObject beforehand, causing rate limits on some providers

⚠️ This issue respects the following points: ⚠️

• This is a bug, not a question or a configuration/webserver/proxy issue.
• This issue is not already reported on Github OR Nextcloud Community Forum (I've searched it).
• Nextcloud Server is up to date. See Maintenance and Release Schedule for supported versions.
• I agree to follow Nextcloud's Code of Conduct.

Bug description

When using an S3-like object storage as primary storage, and uploading a big file that goes beyond the putSizeLimit setting (so it's going to be a multipart upload), an empty PutObject request is sent just before the S3 CreateMultipartUpload method, causing rate limits (HTTP 429) on some providers like Storj that limit concurrent requests.

At first glance this seems completely unnecessary, because the object will already be created by the CreateMultipartUpload method.

The following screenshot (using MITM Proxy) shows the request trace when I try to upload a big file twice (the first two requests can be ignored. The POST ones are the ones that should initiate the multipart upload, but fail with a 429 code and a Retry-After header value of 5 seconds

Steps to reproduce

1. Setup a Nextcloud instance using Storj as Primary Storage
2. Try to upload a file with a size beyond the putSizeLimit threshold (default: >100MB)
3. The upload does not advance and an error appears in the logs regarding a 429 error when calling CreateMultipartUpload

Expected behavior

Uploads of bigger files work because no unnecessary PutObject request is made before starting the multipart upload

Installation method

Community Docker image

Nextcloud Server version

29

Operating system

Debian/Ubuntu

PHP engine version

PHP 8.2

Web server

Apache (supported)

Database engine version

PostgreSQL

Is this bug present after an update or on a fresh install?

Fresh Nextcloud Server install

Are you using the Nextcloud Server Encryption module?

Encryption is Disabled

What user-backends are you using?

• Default user-backend (database)
• LDAP/ Active Directory
• SSO - SAML
• Other

Configuration report

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List of activated Apps

No response

Nextcloud Signing status

No errors have been found.

Nextcloud Logs

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Additional info

No response

Start with lib/private/Files/ObjectStore/S3.php at line 49 and the multipart entry point in lib/private/Files/ObjectStore/ObjectStoreStorage.php at line 684. Trace the large-file upload path described in the issue and verify which request runs before CreateMultipartUpload. Done means multipart uploads no longer issue an unnecessary PutObject request and complete successfully for S3-like storage.