FuncMetadata.pre_parse_json mis-detects str | None as non-string and corrupts JSON-looking string arguments

Title: FuncMetadata.pre_parse_json mis-detects str | None as non-string and corrupts JSON-looking string arguments

Environment

• mcp version: 1.27.0
• Python: 3.10.12
• Transport: streamable-http (also affects stdio — the bug is transport-agnostic)

Summary

FuncMetadata.pre_parse_json() in mcp/server/fastmcp/utilities/func_metadata.py decides whether to json.loads() a string argument based on:

if isinstance(data_value, str) and field_info.annotation is not str:

This check is meant to catch cases where a client (e.g. Claude Desktop) stringifies a list/dict argument that should really be a Python object. But field_info.annotation is not str is True for Optional[str] / str | None as well, since that annotation is not literally str. So any optional string parameter gets the same treatment as a list/dict/model parameter.

If the caller passes a valid string value for such a parameter that also happens to parse as a JSON object or array — e.g. a JSON-serialized template body like '{"blocks": [...]}' — the value silently gets replaced with a dict/list before the pydantic argument model is validated. Validation then fails with something like:

1 validation error for my_tool_nameArguments
body
  Input should be a valid string [type=string_type, input_value={'blocks': [...]}, input_type=dict]

...even though the caller sent a perfectly valid string and the tool signature explicitly declares body: str | None.

Minimal repro

from typing import Any
import json
from mcp.server.fastmcp.utilities.func_metadata import func_metadata

async def my_tool(body: str | None = None) -> dict[str, Any]:
    return {"body": body}

meta = func_metadata(my_tool)
data = {"body": json.dumps({"blocks": ["a", "b"]})}
new_data = meta.pre_parse_json(data)
print(type(new_data["body"]))          # <class 'dict'>  -- should be <class 'str'>
meta.arg_model.model_validate(new_data)  # raises: Input should be a valid string

Expected behavior

A parameter typed str | None (or any Union that includes str) should not have its string value re-interpreted as JSON, since the raw string is already a valid value for that field. Pre-parsing should only kick in when a plain str could never satisfy the annotation (e.g. list[str], dict[str, Any], a Pydantic model, int, etc.).

Suggested fix

Replace the identity check with one that walks Union/X | Y members:

def _annotation_accepts_str(annotation: Any) -> bool:
    origin = typing.get_origin(annotation)
    if origin is typing.Union or origin is types.UnionType:
        return any(_annotation_accepts_str(arg) for arg in typing.get_args(annotation))
    return annotation is str

# in pre_parse_json:
if isinstance(data_value, str) and not _annotation_accepts_str(field_info.annotation):
    ...

Impact

Any FastMCP tool with an Optional[str] (or str | None) parameter breaks whenever a caller passes a string value that happens to be valid JSON for an object/array (JSON-in-a-string payloads: template bodies, block-based editor content, serialized configs, etc.). We hit this in production with a Unisender email-template MCP server where body: str | None holds a JSON block structure — every update_email_template / create_email_template call with a block-based template failed validation until we monkey-patched FuncMetadata.pre_parse_json locally with the fix above.

Start in mcp/server/fastmcp/utilities/func_metadata.py at FuncMetadata.pre_parse_json and reproduce the issue with the str | None example from the report. Check the annotation handling for unions, then verify that JSON-looking strings remain strings while non-string annotations are still pre-parsed and the argument model validates successfully.