Add a timeout for broken IPv6 connections to Microsoft's cloud

Relevant area(s)

WinGet CLI

Relevant command(s)

No response

Brief description of your issue

As noted here: https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli/issues/5549#issuecomment-3561582839

When Microsoft has an issue with IPv6 connections to its cloud servers, Winget will simply hang. The spinner goes forever (I've left it overnight, at least 14 hours). The issue is corrected by disabling IPv6, changing IPv6 address, or otherwise working around whatever problem exists on Microsoft's end.

Steps to reproduce

1. Get an IPv6 address that Microsoft has trouble connecting to. VPNs seem to be particularly badly affected.
2. Try any Winget command that accesses cloud services, e.g. winget upgrade.

Expected behavior

Winget works as normal, or if a connection cannot be established in some reasonable timeframe (say 30 seconds), it either tries IPv4 or issues an error message.

Actual behavior

The spinner goes round forever.

Environment

Windows Package Manager v1.12.350
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Windows: Windows.Desktop v10.0.26200.6899
System Architecture: X64
Package: Microsoft.DesktopAppInstaller v1.27.350.0

Winget Directories
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs                               %LOCALAPPDATA%\Packages\Microsoft.DesktopAppInstaller_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState\Diag…
User Settings                      %LOCALAPPDATA%\Packages\Microsoft.DesktopAppInstaller_8wekyb3d8bbwe\LocalState\sett…
Portable Links Directory (User)    %LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\WinGet\Links
Portable Links Directory (Machine) C:\Program Files\WinGet\Links
Portable Package Root (User)       %LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\WinGet\Packages
Portable Package Root              C:\Program Files\WinGet\Packages
Portable Package Root (x86)        C:\Program Files (x86)\WinGet\Packages
Installer Downloads                %USERPROFILE%\Downloads
Configuration Modules              %LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\WinGet\Configuration\Modules

Links
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Privacy Statement   https://aka.ms/winget-privacy
License Agreement   https://aka.ms/winget-license
Third Party Notices https://aka.ms/winget-3rdPartyNotice
Homepage            https://aka.ms/winget
Windows Store Terms https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/storedocs/terms-of-sale

Admin Setting                             State
--------------------------------------------------
LocalManifestFiles                        Disabled
BypassCertificatePinningForMicrosoftStore Disabled
InstallerHashOverride                     Disabled
LocalArchiveMalwareScanOverride           Disabled
ProxyCommandLineOptions                   Disabled
DefaultProxy                              Disabled

Start with the network path used by cloud-accessing WinGet CLI commands, reproducing the hang with winget upgrade over a problematic IPv6 connection. Determine where the connection waits indefinitely and define completion as a bounded timeout that falls back to IPv4 or reports an error.