[bug] `cppdbg` hangs up and quits out by itself

Bug type: Debugger

Describe the bug

• OS and Version: Windows 11 home 21H1 22000.556
• VS Code Version:

  Version: 1.65.2 (system setup)
  Commit: c722ca6c7eed3d7987c0d5c3df5c45f6b15e77d1
  Date: 2022-03-10T14:33:55.248Z
  Electron: 13.5.2
  Chromium: 91.0.4472.164
  Node.js: 14.16.0
  V8: 9.1.269.39-electron.0
  OS: Windows_NT x64 10.0.22000
  

• C/C++ Extension Version: v1.9.7
• Other extensions you installed (and if the issue persists after disabling them):

  Name: C/C++ Extension Pack
  ID: ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack
  About: Popular extensions for C++ development in Visual Studio Code.
  Version: 1.1.0
  Distributor: Microsoft
  VS Marketplace link: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.cpptools-extension-pack
  
  Simplified Chinese Extension
  Golang
  Rust-Analyzer
  

• A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
  Start debugging, command-line showes, with input blocked:

  & 'c:\Users\<user>\.vscode\extensions\ms-vscode.cpptools-1.9.7\debugAdapters\bin\WindowsDebugLauncher.exe' '--stdin=Microsoft-MIEngine-In-30v2n0bd.4ez' '--stdout=Microsoft-MIEngine-Out-sulr42l3.5u3' '--stderr=Microsoft-MIEngine-Error-42mhsbwh.w3f' '--pid=Microsoft-MIEngine-Pid-htnzwcvq.dhz' '--dbgExe=C:\msys64\usr\bin\gdb.exe' '--interpreter=mi'

By this time, inputting in the terminal is impossible, and no break points from the source file could be hitten, even if you compiled a single file with -g option.
Wait for a little more time, the debugger will quit out by itself, though the program requires input from stdin.
Detailed information is in the video below:

https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/44747719/160173782-c21d5dc7-b305-4809-8a9e-3edf9dab28bb.mp4

To Reproduce
Please include a code sample and launch.json configuration.

// launch.json
{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "C++ quick run",
      "type": "cppdbg",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${workspaceFolder}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
      "args": [],
      "MIMode": "gdb",
      "miDebuggerPath": "C:\\msys64\\usr\\bin\\gdb.exe",
      "stopAtEntry": false,
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
      // "console": "integratedTerminal",
      "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++.exe produce active file",
      "setupCommands": [
        {
          "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
          "ignoreFailures": true
        }
      ],
      "logging": {
        "engineLogging": true,
        "trace": true,
        "traceResponse": true
      }
    }
  ]
}

// task involved
{
      "type": "cppbuild",
      "label": "C/C++: g++.exe produce active file",
      "command": "C:\\msys64\\usr\\bin\\g++.exe",
      "args": [
        "-g",
        "--std=c++17",
        "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
        "-o",
        "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
        "${file}"
      ],
      "options": {
        "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
      },
      "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
      "group": "build",
      "detail": "produced by debugger" // cpptools
    },

Steps to reproduce the behaviour:

1. Go to the single file you want to run
2. Click on debug "C++ quick run".
3. Wait for it.
4. See the error.

Additional context
If applicable, please include logging by adding "logging": { "engineLogging": true, "trace": true, "traceResponse": true } in your launch.json

Before raising this issue, I've found that there are issues about Windows10's Beta UTF-8 feature, but I've turned it on and off, and nothing had happened, the bug now still exists.
Here is the log file, it's very huge and some part of it is in Chinese.

Start by reproducing the Windows 11 case with the provided launch.json and C/C++ build task, then inspect the linked log file and the WindowsDebugLauncher.exe invocation. Compare stdin behavior, breakpoint handling, and the debugger exit against the reported steps; done means input remains usable, breakpoints can be hit, and the debugger does not quit unexpectedly.