C++ Intellisense broken in some files, but working in other files

### Brief Issue Summary

When setting this extension as a configuration provider, Intellisense breaks in specific files, but works fine in other files.

### CMake Tools Diagnostics

```shell
-------- Diagnostics - 4/23/2024, 11:43:16 AM
Version: 1.19.9
Current Configuration:
{
"name": "Win32",
"includePath": [
"f:/Code/MNComputers/emulator/**"
],
"defines": [
"_DEBUG",
"UNICODE",
"_UNICODE"
],
"windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.22621.0",
"compilerPath": "cl.exe",
"cStandard": "c17",
"cppStandard": "c++17",
"intelliSenseMode": "windows-msvc-x64",
"compilerPathInCppPropertiesJson": "cl.exe",
"intelliSenseModeIsExplicit": false,
"cStandardIsExplicit": false,
"cppStandardIsExplicit": false,
"mergeConfigurations": false,
"compilerPathIsExplicit": false,
"configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
"browse": {
"path": [
"f:/Code/MNComputers/emulator/**",
"${workspaceFolder}"
],
"limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true
}
}
Custom browse configuration:
{
"browsePath": [
"c:/program files (x86)/sockpp/include",
"f:/code/mncomputers/emulator"
],
"compilerPath": "c:/program files/microsoft visual studio/2022/community/vc/tools/msvc/14.39.33519/bin/hostx86/x64/cl.exe",
"compilerArgs": [],
"compilerFragments": [
"/DWIN32 /D_WINDOWS /W3 /GR /EHsc /MDd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1",
"/ZI",
"/DEBUG:FULL"
]
}
cpptools version (native): 1.19.9.0
Translation Unit Mappings:
[ F:\Code\MNComputers\emulator\emulator.cpp - source TU]:
Translation Unit Configurations:
[ F:\Code\MNComputers\emulator\emulator.cpp ]:
Process ID: 25216
Memory Usage: 39 MB
Compiler Path: C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\bin\Hostx86\x64\cl.exe
Includes:
C:\Program Files (x86)\sockpp\include
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\include
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\atlmfc\include
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\um
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\shared
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\winrt
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\cppwinrt
Defines:
WIN32
_WINDOWS
EBUG:FULL
Standard Version: ms_c++17
IntelliSense Mode: windows-msvc-x64
Other Flags:
--rtti
Total Memory Usage: 39 MB

------- Workspace parsing diagnostics -------
Number of files discovered (not excluded): 5112
```

### Debug Log

_No response_

### Additional Information

https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-cmake-tools/assets/57674559/0fde08db-f8b2-4177-aefc-ed39837f971c

Start by reproducing the configuration-provider behavior using the supplied CMake Tools Diagnostics for emulator.cpp and compare files where IntelliSense works with those where it fails. Inspect the reported compiler fragments, defines, include paths, and translation-unit configuration. Done means identifying the cause and confirming consistent IntelliSense behavior across the affected files.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.