[0.71] Updates to V8 packaging in main were backported to 0.69, 0.70, but not 0.71

Problem Description

Updates were made to the target V8 version and also for how V8 packages are consumed:

• 0.69: https://github.com/microsoft/react-native-windows/pull/10766
• 0.70: https://github.com/microsoft/react-native-windows/pull/10770
• main: https://github.com/microsoft/react-native-windows/pull/11027

However this change was not backported into 0.71.

In a related note, part of these changes broke Secure Supply Chain checks (see #11209) so whatever fix is applied will need to be backported to 0.71 as well.

Steps To Reproduce

Look at missing changes in 0.71-stable branch.

Expected Results

No response

CLI version

npx react-native --version

Environment

npx react-native info

Target Platform Version

None

Target Device(s)

No response

Visual Studio Version

None

Build Configuration

None

Snack, code example, screenshot, or link to a repository

No response