Add advanced quantum algorithms samples

This issue tracks the progress towards expanding advanced Q# samples.
- [ ] 1️⃣ All-loops sample: contains a simple example of each loop construct in a single sample.
- [X] 1️⃣ Minimal Deutsch-Jozsa (#858)
- [ ] 1️⃣ Shor's quantum subroutine
- [X] 1️⃣ GHZ @ScottCarda-MS (#782)
- [X] 1️⃣ Cat state (#779)
- [ ] 2️⃣ CHSH game
- [ ] 2️⃣ Noisy amplitude estimation
- [ ] 2️⃣ Oracle synthesis
- [ ] 2️⃣ Order finding
- [ ] 2️⃣ Repeat until success
- [ ] 2️⃣ Reversible logic synthesis
- [ ] 2️⃣ Sudoku Grover
- [ ] 2️⃣ VQE
- [ ] 2️⃣ Quantum adder
- [ ] 2️⃣ Phase estimation
- [X] 1️⃣ Bit-flip code @ScottCarda-MS (#782)
- [X] 1️⃣ Phase-flip code @ScottCarda-MS (#782)
- [ ] 2️⃣ Shor code
- [ ] 2️⃣ Error syndrome
- [ ] 2️⃣ Modular addition operator
- [ ] 2️⃣ H2 simulation
- [ ] 2️⃣ Simple Ising model
- [ ] 2️⃣ QAOA

Code:
- 1️⃣ Samples that should be done first.
- 2️⃣ Samples that should be done second.