proper support for `int16` format.

### Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe the problem.

Follow up to https://github.com/microsoft/kiota/issues/5611

Adding proper support for int16 would mean adding a new method to the parse node and serialization writer interfaces, which means a breaking change.

After changes in https://github.com/microsoft/kiota/pull/5614, the `int16` format is mapped to the integer type. However, languages
- C# could use the `short` type
- Golang could use `int16` type
- Java could use the short type.

At the next breaking change we should take advantage of the opportunity to add support for the format for more precision.

### Client library/SDK language

None

### Describe the solution you'd like

Support the `int16` format for languages that provide types with the level of precision.

### Additional context

_No response_

Start by reading the follow-up issue 5611 and the changes in pull request 5614, then trace the parse node and serialization writer interfaces mentioned here. Done means defining the breaking-change approach and supporting int16 with appropriate precision in the C#, Go, and Java outputs.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.