Add VS Code extension version to `aspire doctor`

### Is there an existing issue for this?

- [x] I have searched the existing issues

### Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe the problem.

1. `aspire doctor` should include the version of the VS Code extension installed.
2. It should probably also highlight if it was run within the context of vscode - I've encountered a few cases where I get different results when run under VS Code compared to a regular terminal due to env vars the Aspire extension injects.

### Describe the solution you'd like

Show VS Code version in aspire doctor, and highlight if aspire doctor was run in the context of VS Code.

### Additional context

_No response_

Start at the `aspire doctor` command entry point and run it both in a regular terminal and within VS Code. Trace how the command gathers diagnostic information, then verify that the output reports the installed VS Code extension version and indicates whether it was run in VS Code.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.