Cannot install WSL on latest Windows Insider dev build

### Windows Version

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.26080.1400]

### WSL Version

2.1.5

### Are you using WSL 1 or WSL 2?

- [X] WSL 2
- [X] WSL 1

### Kernel Version

N/A

### Distro Version

N/A

### Other Software

Docker Desktop (Docker version 25.0.3, build 4debf41)

### Repro Steps

I recently updated to the latest Windows Insider dev build, which is Windows 11 Insider Preview 10.0.26080.1201 (ge_release_upr). After updating Windows, I ran `wsl --update`, which caused the "Catastrophic failure" error and completely broke my WSL setup. It seems like the failed update uninstalled WSL and I can't reinstall it.

### Expected Behavior

I expected WSL to install successfully.

### Actual Behavior

Running any WSL command produces the following output.
```
Windows Subsystem for Linux must be updated to the latest version to proceed. You can update by running 'wsl.exe --update'.
For more information please visit https://aka.ms/wslinstall

Press any key to install Windows Subsystem for Linux.
Press CTRL-C or close this window to cancel.
This prompt will time out in 60 seconds.
Operation aborted
```

Running `wsl --update` or `wsl --install` produces the following output.
```
Downloading: Windows Subsystem for Linux 2.1.5
Installing: Windows Subsystem for Linux 2.1.5
Catastrophic failure
```

Manually downloading the MSI from the GitHub releases shows these error messages.

### Diagnostic Logs

Logs from running `wsl --install`: [WslLogs-2024-03-19_19-06-02.zip](https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/files/14657801/WslLogs-2024-03-19_19-06-02.zip)
WSL install logs from temp folder: [wsl-install-logs.txt](https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/files/14657805/wsl-install-logs.txt) and [MSI65cb2.LOG](https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/files/14657808/MSI65cb2.LOG)

Start by reviewing WslLogs-2024-03-19_19-06-02.zip, wsl-install-logs.txt, and MSI65cb2.LOG, then reproduce with `wsl --update` or `wsl --install` on Windows Insider build 10.0.26080.1400. Done means WSL installs or updates without the “Catastrophic failure” error and subsequent WSL commands run normally.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.